Television, Brands, and the Pandemic: How Spanish TV Channels Treated the Brands Most Valued for Their CSR During the COVID-19 Lockdown

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in March 2020, the Spanish Government announced a total lockdown of the population and the interruption of all nonessential economic activity. From this point, televisions adapted their programming schedules by reducing their usual informative content, such as sport or economic segments. In this context, it would be reasonable to assume that the overall television coverage devoted to the main Spanish brands would decrease, but what about those considered to be most active in the field of corporate social responsibility (CSR)? In this work, we analyze the presence of the Spanish brands that are most valued for their CSR on the four main television channels with the highest audience over the two months of total lockdown, and also in the online press. The study confirms that the television coverage of these brands was not only reduced but was also mostly positive during the pandemic, so it reveals the CSR importance in crisis periods. © The Author(s) 2022.

Approach to Spanish TV Broadcasting Dealing with Mental Health Issues Related to Pandemic Lockdown

Despite the importance of mental health matters for people's well-being and the essential role of television to help spread medical issues, our study shows that the media coverage of this subject has been poor and somehow trivial during the so-called "pandemic fatigue" in Spain. This research focuses on the 24-hour television broadcast of five channels throughout 16 months, coding the content to identify trends and to know how media covered men-tal health topics all along seven days in January 2021. The analysis reveals a trivial representation of the topic, in-cluding irrelevant references to mental health that may not help make visible problems such as depression, anxiety, or stress. Instead, there seems to be a lack of rigorous analysis of the mental health conditions arising after the pan-demic. We can infer that private broad-casters have a more suitable approach when presenting data, describing people involved or taking advice from mental health professionals. Effective information on mental health requires deep messaging and medical recom-mendations or statements, but from this research, it turns out that there is a touch of frivolity in the way television approaches mental health issues.

Influence of Charlson comorbidity index in hypofractionated radiotherapy treatment in lung cancer

Purpose or Objective To evaluate the influence of Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) in survival outcomes in patients (pts) with lung cancer (LC) treated with concomitant radiochemotherapy (RCT) or radiotherapy (RT) alone with radical intention during SARS-2-COVID19 pandemic. Materials and Methods Retrospective study of 50 pts with LC treated with radical intention from November 2019 to December 2020 in University Hospital of Badajoz and University Hospital Virgen Macarena in Seville. All pts were treated with radical intention and hypofractionated scheme of radiotherapy (total dose 55 Gy in 20 fractions of 2.75 Gy/daily) to decrease the duration of thoracic radiotherapy in pandemic era. 40% of pts were treated with concomitant RCT, 38% with RT alone and 22% with chemotherapy and sequential RT. CCI was used to identify associated diseases in all pts, after the evaluation of 19 items that influence in the life expectancy of them. In general, it is considered low comorbidity ≤ 3 points in CCI and high comorbidity > 3 points. Kaplan-Meier curves have been used for the statistical analysis of overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) and log-rank test to compare them. Results In the study, 24 pts had ≤ 3 points in CCI (48%) and 26 pts had > 3 points (52%). Mean CCS in pts with CCI≤ 3 points was 18.5 months and in pts with CCI > 3 points was 13 months. 15-months CSS was 83.3% in pts with CCI ≤ 3 points and 40.9% in pts with CCI > 3 points without statistically significant differences (p 0.755). Mean OS in pts with CCI≤ 3 points was 16.8 months and in pts with CCI > 3 points was 11.5 months.15-months OS was 74.3% in pts with CCI ≤ 3 points and 32% in pts with CCI > 3 points (p 0.620). Toxicity in both groups was similar without differences between pts with CCI ≤ 3 points and CCI > 3 points. Only one grade 3 oesophagitis was registered in CCI ≤ 3 points group. Conclusion The Charlson comorbidity index is a system that evaluates 10 years life expectancy. According to our results and despite the short follow-up, pts with CCI ≤ 3 points have better OS and CSS than pts with CCI > 3 points. In both groups, hypofractionated radiotherapy was well-tolerated regardless the CCI. Although more studies are needed, CCI can be an important factor to evaluate in patients with lung cancer because it identifies pts with a high probability of mortality. For this reason, this score can be an useful tool to assess the most suitable treatment option, especially in patients with several comorbidities.

Dosimetric parameters in hypofractionated radiotherapy in NSCLC cohort during SARS-COV-2 pandemia

Purpose or Objective: Moderate hypofractionation has been more popular in the last years, however no standard dosimetric parameters has been stablished. The majority of the dose-volume-constraints (DVCs) published refer to conventional 2 Gy/ fraction. In this study, we analyse different dosimetric parameters in patients (pts) with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with concomitant radiochemotherapy (RCT) or radiotherapy (RT) alone with radical intention and hypofractionated scheme in pandemic era. Due to the lack of consensus on this aspect, we analyse the relationship between tolerance to treatment and dosimetric parameters to aid its use in the clinic. Materials and Methods: Retrospective and multicentric study of 49 pts with locally advanced NSCLC treated from November 2019 to December 2020. During SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, hypofractionated schedules have allowed to decrease the duration of thoracic radiotherapy. The hypofractionated scheme used was 20 fractions of 2.75 Gy/daily (total dose 55 Gy, BED10=70 Gy). 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) were allowed. We report gross tumour volume (GTV), planning tumour volume (PTV) and D98% and D95% PTV. Organ-at-risk (OARs) examined included lungs- GTV (V20<35% and mean-dose<20Gy), heart (V25<10%) and oesophagus (V50<40% and mean-dose<34 Gy). To evaluate toxicity during the treatment, we use CTCAE v.5 scale. Results: Mean GTV was 85.6 cc (3.3cc-581.3cc) and mean PTV was 268.8 cc (13cc-1047.4cc). Mean D98% PTV was 53 Gy and mean D95% PTV was 53.8 Gy. Most pts had G1-G2 cardiac toxicity like pericarditis, oesophagitis and pneumonitis. Only two pts (4%) had G3 oesophagitis and G3 pneumonitis (2%). No grade 4-5 toxicity was reported. In the analysis of DVCs, lungs-GTV V20<35% and lungs-GTV mean-dose < 20 Gy were associated with more pneumonitis regardless of grade (p 0.018 and p 0.027). In terms of oesophagitis, V50<40%, was associated with more oesophagitis regardless of grade (p 0.037). Mean dose < 34 Gy in oesophagus and heart DVCs were no associated with more toxicity in our study. There were not differences between T stage (<T3 vs ≥ T3) and N stage (<N2 vs ≥ N2) and mean PTV (p 0.55 and p 0.178). There were not differences in terms of cancer-specific survival and PTV (p 0.195). Conclusion: In moderately hypofractionation, it is important to consider that dosimetric parameters cannot be the same as in standard fractionation (2 Gy/fraction). Due to changing radiotherapy technique, DVCs may need to be adjusted based on different dose distribution. According to our results, hypofractionated radiotherapy in NSCLC is well-tolerated with low rates of grade 3-4- 5 toxicity but lungs-GTV V20<35%, lungs-GTV mean-dose < 20 Gy and oesophagus V50<40% were associated with more toxicity regardless of grade. Because of that, we consider it worth investigating the relationship between dosimetric parameters and toxicity in order to reach a consensus in daily clinical practice.

Policies of miscommunication during COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: Manipulation strategies to blame the 8M demonstrations

This article reflects on the speech of March 8, 2020. This speech has become evidence of an alleged belated reaction of the Spanish government to the pandemic. We analyze the criticisms levelled against the government to establish whether the disapproval contributed to the enhancement of the debate on the management of the pandemic or, on the contrary, contributed to the generation of a hate speech against women and feminism. We analyze the discursive and communicative strategies used by the PP, Ciudadanos and VOX parties. Also, the strategies used in the Twitter accounts of women spokespersons for these parties. The work argues that the criticisms made by the government's opponents mask the articulation of strategies aiming at distorting the feminist movement.

Coronavirus and Covid-19 information in the main Spanish TV channels before the confinement period

The evolution of content on the coronavirus epidemic in the 24 hours of free-to-air Spanish television is analyzed in the months before the declaration of a state of alarm, when China and Italy were the countries with the greatest number of infections. We observed the presence of terms related to the pandemic, identifying the kind of information transmitted since the coronavirus disease began, in all broadcasts from La 1, Antena 3, Tele 5, and La sexta channels. The data were taken on alternate days (Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays), with a total review of 31 days, ranging from 1 January to 13 March 2020, when confinement began throughout Spain. This information was compared with the results of general searches and news searches made by Spanish users, to check whether the data were different or ran in parallel with the television data. The conversation about the coronavirus on television clearly changed during the week when confinement was introduced in some areas of Italy. This indicates that the consequences of the pandemic were not anticipated until its effects were already visible. The results also indicate that there was hardly any significant variation in the focus of the programs broadcast by each of the channels.